160 practice questions with detailed explanations
The Australia and Its People section covers the nation's history, geography, culture, and national identity. This broad section tests your knowledge of Indigenous Australian history, European settlement, important national symbols, and the diverse multicultural society that defines modern Australia. It is often the section with the most questions on the citizenship test.
Australia has a rich history spanning over 65,000 years, beginning with the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples — the world's oldest continuous cultures. European settlement began in 1788, and since then, Australia has grown into one of the most culturally diverse nations on Earth. Understanding this history, including the significance of events like the gold rush, Federation in 1901, and the contributions of migrants from around the world, is essential for the test.
Questions in this section also cover Australian symbols (the flag, coat of arms, national anthem), important landmarks, public holidays (especially Australia Day and Anzac Day), and notable Australians. You may also encounter questions about Australia's geography, climate, and the significance of the land to Indigenous peoples. This is a wide-ranging section, so thorough preparation across all these topics will serve you well.
Which of these statements about Australia's first inhabitants is correct?
Aboriginal peoples arrived in Australia between
The British Government decided to transport convicts to Australia because
Which heritage has had a major influence on Australia's recent history, culture and politics?
Under the new Australian Constitution in 1901, what was established?
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples were included in official population estimates
Which of the following is a national icon?
A Welcome to Country was traditionally performed to ensure
Anzac Day is named after
How many years before European settlement did Aboriginal peoples arrive in Australia?
Which group of people were the first large group of non-European migrants to arrive in Australia?
What was one major consequence of the gold rush that began in 1851?
How did the British and Irish heritage influence early Australia?
What does a Welcome to Country traditionally ensure for visitors?
Who can perform an Acknowledgement of Country?
What makes Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures significant to Australia?
In what forms can a Welcome to Country be performed?
What was Australia's approximate population at the time of Federation in 1901?
What belief do Aboriginal peoples hold about their relationship to creation?
What was one wave of migration that significantly diversified Australia beyond British and Irish populations?
What does the Commonwealth Coat of Arms represent?
What do the colours in the Australian Aboriginal Flag represent?
What does the Commonwealth Star on the Australian National Flag represent?
According to Australian national symbols, what do the green and gold colours represent?
Which of the following correctly describes the Torres Strait Islander Flag?
At a meeting or event, who would typically deliver an Acknowledgement of Country?
What was the primary issue that led colonies to unite in 1901?
What happened to Aboriginal people in the official Census at Federation in 1901?
What percentage of Australians voted 'Yes' in the 1967 Referendum?
What percentage of the current Australian population do Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples comprise?
What was established by the new Australian Constitution at Federation?
How many countries have citizens who have made Australia their home?
How does Australia balance its diversity with national unity?