Australia & Its People
172 practice questions with detailed explanations
The Australia and Its People section covers the nation's history, geography, culture, and national identity. This broad section tests your knowledge of Indigenous Australian history, European settlement, important national symbols, and the diverse multicultural society that defines modern Australia. It is often the section with the most questions on the citizenship test.
Australia has a rich history spanning over 65,000 years, beginning with the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples — the world's oldest continuous cultures. European settlement began in 1788, and since then, Australia has grown into one of the most culturally diverse nations on Earth. Understanding this history, including the significance of events like the gold rush, Federation in 1901, and the contributions of migrants from around the world, is essential for the test.
Questions in this section also cover Australian symbols (the flag, coat of arms, national anthem), important landmarks, public holidays (especially Australia Day and Anzac Day), and notable Australians. You may also encounter questions about Australia's geography, climate, and the significance of the land to Indigenous peoples. This is a wide-ranging section, so thorough preparation across all these topics will serve you well.
Key Points
- •Covers Indigenous Australian history spanning 65,000+ years
- •Tests knowledge of European settlement and colonial history
- •Includes questions on national symbols: flag, anthem, coat of arms
- •Covers important dates: Australia Day, Anzac Day, Federation
- •Questions about Australian geography and landmarks
- •Tests understanding of multiculturalism and migration history
Study by Subtopic
Practice Questions
Easy Questions
135In the citizenship pledge, you pledge your loyalty to
Torres Strait Islander people are
Which of these statements about Australia's first inhabitants is correct?
Historically, Aboriginal people are from
Which of these statements about Aboriginal peoples is correct?
Torres Strait Islander people are from
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' deep connection with the land is expressed in
European settlement started when
The 'First Fleet' mostly transported
European settlement started on
The first 11 convict ships from Great Britain became known as
Convicts were transported to the new colony of
The first Governor of New South Wales was
Early free settlers in Australia came from
Early free settlers came from
Gold was discovered in New South Wales and Victoria in
In 1851, gold was discovered in the colonies of
In 1851, people came from all around the world to Australia to find
The first large group of migrants not from Europe were
Which of these statements about the gold rush is correct?
The separate colonies were united into a federation of states in
The federation of states formed in Australia is called
In 1901, Australia's population was
In the first half of the 20th century, migration levels
Large numbers of Europeans came to Australia to build a new life
Which of these statements about Australia's population is correct?
Australia's national language is
Which of these statements about communicating in English is correct?
How many distinct Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages are valued in Australia?
How many states are there in Australia?
How many mainland territories are in Australia?
What is Australia's capital city?
The six states of Australia are
The two mainland territories of Australia are
The capital city of Tasmania is
The capital city of the Australian Capital Territory is
The first colony established by the British was
Australia's largest city is
The smallest of the mainland states is
Many fine buildings in Victoria were built from the wealth created by
Which of the following is an icon of Victoria?
The second largest state is
The Torres Strait Islands lie to the north of
The world-famous Great Barrier Reef is located in
Which state has tropical rainforests, temperate coastal areas and an often dry inland?
Which state has its east mostly desert and its south-west a rich agricultural area?
Which state is home to many large mining projects?
Which of the following is an icon of Western Australia?
Which state has a rugged coastline and many famous wine regions?
Which of the following is an icon of South Australia?
The smallest state is
Tasmania is separated from mainland Australia by
Which state or territory has mostly unspoilt wilderness landscapes?
Which of the following is a Tasmanian icon?
The Australian Capital Territory is located between
The capital city of Queensland is
Which territory has a tropical environment in the north and dry red desert in the south?
Which of the following is a Northern Territory icon?
A Welcome to Country is
Which of these statements about a Welcome to Country is correct?
An Acknowledgement of Country is
Australia Day is the anniversary of
On Australia Day, communities across Australia reflect on
The biggest annual public holiday in Australia is
Australia Day acknowledges and celebrates
The Prime Minister announces the Australian of the Year Awards
On Anzac Day, we remember
The official flag of Australia is
The three officially recognised flags of Australia are
The background colour of the Australian National Flag is
In the top left corner of the Australian National Flag is
On the Australian National Flag, the Union Jack represents
On the Australian National Flag, the Commonwealth Star is located
How many points does the Commonwealth Star have?
On the Australian National Flag, the Southern Cross is
On the Australian National Flag, the Southern Cross is located
The colours of the Torres Strait Islander Flag are
On the Torres Strait Islander Flag, the green stripes represent
On the Torres Strait Islander Flag, the blue panel in the centre represents
On the Torres Strait Islander Flag, the black lines represent
On the Torres Strait Islander Flag, the white dancer's headdress represents
On the Torres Strait Islander Flag, the points of the white star represent
On the Torres Strait Islander Flag, the colour white symbolises
The official symbol of the Commonwealth of Australia is
The Commonwealth Coat of Arms represents
The Commonwealth Coat of Arms identifies
In the Commonwealth Coat of Arms, the shield in the centre represents
In the Commonwealth Coat of Arms, the shield is supported by
In the Commonwealth Coat of Arms, above the shield sits
The background of the Commonwealth Coat of Arms is
Australia's national flower is
Australia's national colours come from
Australia's national gemstone is
According to Aboriginal legend, the colours of the opal were created by
Australia's national anthem is sung
The first line of Australia's national anthem is
Australia's national colours are
The capital city of Victoria is
Which city has many examples of fine colonial architecture?
The capital city of New South Wales is
What was the primary role of convicts in early European settlement?
Who was the first Governor of New South Wales?
Which statement accurately describes the relationship between Aboriginal peoples and the land?
Which two colonies saw gold discovered in 1851?
How many separate colonies existed before Federation in 1901?
Where are Torres Strait Islander peoples traditionally from?
What does it mean when Australians talk about 'the Anzac spirit'?
What is Australia's national flower?
Australia's first inhabitants are
The capital city of Western Australia is
Which statement about Anzac Day is correct?
The capital city of South Australia is
Which two animals appear on the Commonwealth Coat of Arms?
The capital city of the Northern Territory is
What is the Commonwealth Coat of Arms?
What happened in Australia on 1 January 1901?
The First Fleet arrived in Australia from
The largest state is
Parliament House and the High Court of Australia are located in
Which of these statements about an Acknowledgement of Country is correct?
On 26 January each year, we celebrate
On 25 April each year, we commemorate
The colours of the Australian National Flag are
The points of the Commonwealth Star represent
The colours of the Australian Aboriginal Flag are
The top half of the Australian Aboriginal Flag represents
The bottom half of the Australian Aboriginal Flag represents
On the Australian Aboriginal Flag, the yellow circle represents
Australia's national anthem is
Which of these statements about the golden wattle is correct?
In which city is the Sydney Opera House located?
In which state or territory are Uluru and Kata Tjuta located?
What do we commemorate on Anzac Day?
What is the capital city of Australia?
Canberra, in the Australian Capital Territory, lies between which two cities?
Medium Questions
30The British Government decided to transport convicts to Australia because
Which heritage has had a major influence on Australia's recent history, culture and politics?
Under the new Australian Constitution in 1901, what was established?
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples were included in official population estimates
Which of the following is a national icon?
A Welcome to Country was traditionally performed to ensure
Anzac Day is named after
How many years before European settlement did Aboriginal peoples arrive in Australia?
Which group of people were the first large group of non-European migrants to arrive in Australia?
What was one major consequence of the gold rush that began in 1851?
How did the British and Irish heritage influence early Australia?
What does a Welcome to Country traditionally ensure for visitors?
What makes Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures significant to Australia?
In what forms can a Welcome to Country be performed?
What was Australia's approximate population at the time of Federation in 1901?
What belief do Aboriginal peoples hold about their relationship to creation?
What was one wave of migration that significantly diversified Australia beyond British and Irish populations?
What does the Commonwealth Coat of Arms represent?
What do the colours in the Australian Aboriginal Flag represent?
What does the Commonwealth Star on the Australian National Flag represent?
According to Australian national symbols, what do the green and gold colours represent?
Aboriginal peoples arrived in Australia between
Which of the following correctly describes the Torres Strait Islander Flag?
At a meeting or event, who would typically deliver an Acknowledgement of Country?
In the first half of the 20th century, who did Australian migration programs actively encourage to settle in Australia?
Which of the following is true about Australia's floral emblems?
Which of these is Australia's national symbol?
Who can perform an Acknowledgement of Country?
What does diversity mean in Australia?
Which three elements are shown on the Australian National Flag?
Hard Questions
7How many countries have citizens who have made Australia their home?
What was the primary issue that led colonies to unite in 1901?
What happened to Aboriginal people in the official Census at Federation in 1901?
What percentage of Australians voted 'Yes' in the 1967 Referendum?
What percentage of the current Australian population do Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples comprise?
What was established by the new Australian Constitution at Federation?
How does Australia balance its diversity with national unity?
Exam Tips
- 1.Study the significance of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander culture thoroughly
- 2.Know the meaning of the Australian flag and coat of arms
- 3.Remember key dates: Federation (1901), Anzac Day (25 April), Australia Day (26 January)
- 4.Understand why multiculturalism is important to modern Australian identity
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