Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have the world's oldest continuous cultures, spanning more than 65,000 years. The citizenship test recognises this heritage and expects candidates to understand the significance of Indigenous history to modern Australia.
Consider how this aspect of Australian culture connects to the nation's values of fairness, mateship, and giving everyone a fair go. Cultural knowledge and values often overlap in this section. This is a foundational question that tests basic knowledge. Getting comfortable with questions like this will build your confidence for more complex topics.
Learn about the key waves of migration to Australia: convicts and free settlers (1788-1850s), gold rush migrants (1850s), post-war European migration (1940s-1960s), and more recent migration from Asia and the Middle East. Each wave shaped the Australia we know today. Explore more Australia & Its People practice questions to strengthen your preparation, or try a full practice test to simulate the real exam experience.